Lake Kariba
is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume and the fourth
largest by surface area. It is located
on the Zambezi River, about halfway between the river's source and mouth, about
1300 kilometers upstream from the Indian Ocean, and lies along the border
between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963
following the completion of the Kariba Dam at its northeastern end, flooding
the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River. A
number of fish species have been introduced to the lake, notably the
sardine-like kapenta (transported from Lake Tanganyika), which now supports a
thriving commercial fishery. Other inhabitants of Lake Kariba include Nile
crocodiles and hippopotamus.
Gamefish,
particularly Tigerfish, which was among the indigenous species of the Zambezi
river system, now thrive on the kapenta, which in turn encourage tourism. Both
Zambia and Zimbabwe are now attempting to develop the tourism industry along
their respective coasts of Lake Kariba. Matusadona National Park is a game reserve park in
northern Zimbabwe, from the Lake Kariba inland to the hinterland. Matusadona boasts a unique combination of pristine and
rugged wilderness, together with the water frontage of Lake Kariba. It is one
of the last remaining sanctuaries of the endangered Black Rhinoceros. It is
commonly recognized as having the second largest concentration of wild lions in
Africa after Ngorongoro Crater. Its relatively poor accessibility by road and
extremely harsh internal network of roads keep the crowds and traffic low - it
is accessible by boat from Kariba and from the Bumi Hills airstrip.